Glossary

A

AGIRELINE PEPTIDE*-ARGIRELINE®

A New Anti-Wrinkle Peptide
(Acetyl Hexapeptide-3)

Argireline is a unique new peptide that both reduces the degree of existing facial wrinkles and has been demonstrated effective
against their development. It_s been shown to inhibit the formation of the SNARE complex as well as catecholamine release.
These inhibitions confer anti-aging activity on Argireline; they closely relate to the basic biochemical mechanisms of wrinkle
formation

ALA (ALPHA LYPOIC ACID) -

Alpha-lipoic acid is a potent biological antioxidant that has been shown to slow the oxidative damage in cells, and in many cases stabilize or even reverse cell damage. Alpha-lipoic acid is so effective as an anti-oxidant because it works on both water and fat-soluble free radicals that cause oxidation and cell damage in the body. Notwithstanding it popularity, the exact mechanism responsible for the medicinal affects of alpha-lipoic acid is still not fully understood.

Some research suggests that certain nerve diseases may occur as a result of free radical damage. Since alpha-lipoic acid can reach all parts of a nerve cell it can potentially protect nerve cells against such damage. This is the rationale behind studies on the potential benefits of alpha-lipoic acid for diabetic neuropathy.

ALFALFA (HERB) -

Can be an antioxidant in skin-care products (Source: Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry, January 2001, pages 308–314).

ALLANTOIN -

Allantoin is present in botanical extracts of the comfrey plant and uric acid from cows, most mammals. Chemically synthesized bulk allantoin is natural-identical, safe, non-toxic, compatible with cosmetic raw materials, and meets CTFA and JSCI requirements.[4] Over 10,000 patents reference allantoin. [5] Manufacturers cite several beneficial effects for allantoin as an active ingredient in over-the-counter cosmetics: a moisturizing and keratolytic effect, increasing the water content of the extracellular matrix and enhancing the desquamation of upper layers of dead skin cells, increasing the smoothness of the skin; promotion of cell proliferation and wound healing; and a soothing, anti-irritant, and skin protectant effect by forming complexes with irritant and sensitizing agents. Allantoin has not been proven scientifically to reduce the appearance of aging.

ALOE VERA -

Scientific evidence for the cosmetic and therapeutic effectiveness of Aloe vera is limited and when present is typically contradictory.[6][7] Despite this, the cosmetic and alternative medicine industries regularly makes claims regarding the soothing, moisturising and healing properties of A. vera, especially via Internet advertising

Benefits of Aloe Vera
Topically, aloe vera benefits dry and cracked skin, burns, blisters, frostbite, insect bites, and allergic reactions. Topical aloe vera application also helps to assure that when applying aloe products, you will get the highest concentrations of the natural healing agent delivered directly to your skin. Aloe vera products, when used as part of a daily skin treatment regimen, can help keep your skin healthy. Aloe vera oil has recognized healing and restorative properties, and is widely utilized in many high-end lotion, cream, and gel products. It has traditionally been used to treat various skin conditions, including psoriasis, eczema, inflammations, burns and wounds. Aloe vera is also a great skin moisturizer that helps to keep skin supple by bringing oxygen to the cells, and therefore increasing the synthesis and strength of skin tissue.

AMARANTH OIL (AMARANTHUS CANDATUS) -

The juice of amaranth, applied over the face with a pinch of tumeric powder, bleaches ther skin, prevents it from drying and wrinkling, cures pimples and makes one look fresh.

A close relative of pigweed, amaranth has been valued since ancient times for its nutritional and ornamental qualities. One of the highest-protein grains, with numerous medicinal attributes, amaranth has excellent potential in health food and nutraceutical markets. Amaranth's sweet, nutty flavor complements a range of cereal products, and its starch could replace fat in processed foods.

The genus Amaranthus includes about sixty species which are classified according to their uses as grain amaranths, leaf amaranths (A. tricolor), and dual-purpose amaranths. Chinese spinach or yin choy (var.gangeticus), A. dubius, A. hybridus, and A. cruentus all belong to the very useful leaf amaranths of the Third World.

Amaranth Oil is a great of value. It contains about 77 % of non-saturated fatty acids (about 50 % of linolenic and linoleic acids, squalene and vitamin E in the rare form of tocotriene which takes part in the biosynthesis of cholesterol.

Wide using of amaranth oil is explained by its unique active biological matters: amino acids, microelements, minerals, vitamins, proteins, polynonsaturated fatty acids, choline, gall acids, spirits, steroids and squalene.

APPLE PECTIN -

As a dietary fiber, apple pectin is helpful in maintaining good digestive health. Fruits rich in apple pectin include the peach, apple, currant, and plum. Protopectin, present in unripe fruits, is converted to pectin as the fruit ripens. Pectin forms a colloidal solution in water and gels on cooling. When fruits are cooked with the correct amount of sugar, and when the acidity is optimum and the amount of pectin present is sufficient, jams and jellies can be made. In overripe fruits, the pectin becomes pectic acid, which does not form jelly with sugar solutions.

An indigestible, soluble fiber, apple pectin is a general intestinal regulator that is used in many medicinal preparations, especially as an anti-diarrhea agent. Our ancestors believed the old proverb an apple a day keeps the doctor away. Today, nutritional scientists research for evidences that verify how apples are good for our health. Apples are rich in pectin, a soluble fiber, which is effective in lowering cholesterol levels.

AVOCADO OIL- Avocado (Persea americana)

Avocado oil is made from the pulp of the avocado fruit. It is a rich, heavy but penetrating oil that is full of nutritive and therapeutic components. Avocado oil contains more than 20 % essential unsaturated fatty acids. It contains vitamins A, C, D and E, proteins, beta-carotene, lecithin, fatty acids and the "youth mineral" potassium. Avocado oil is high in unsaponifiables (sterolins) which are reputed to be beneficial in reducing age spots, healing scars and moisturizing the upper layers of the skin. Unsaponifiables are a large group of compounds called plant steroids or sterolins. They soften the skin, have superior moisturizing effect on the upper layer of the skin and reduce scars. The sterolins in avocado oil have been found to diminish age spots.

A 1991 study at the Department of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology found that treatment with avocado oil significantly increases the water soluble collagen content in the dermis, which effects the age of the skin. Avocado is used in many folk medicines as an aphrodisiac. Avocado oil is an emollient and very stable. According to the AMA's committee on Coetaneous Health it does help make the skin feel softer and smoother, reduce roughness, cracking and irritation. And may possibly retard the fine wrinkles of aging. Said to help protect the skin from ultraviolet rays.

Source (http://www.aromaforsouls.com/ME-Ingredients.htm)

B

BERGAMOT ESSENTIAL OIL-
Botanical Nomenclature: Citrus bergamia

Bergamot essential oil, like all other citrus oils, is too delicate to be distilled. The essential oil of this small fruit is, instead, forced out of the peel through a mechanical procedure aromatherapists call "cold pressing". In many ways, citrus oils like bergamot are the only "true" essential oils because they contain no solvent residues and haven't been exposed the potentially damaging heat used in distillation.

Native to a small area of southern Italy, the tree that gives us bergamot is now grown throughout the Mediterranean. The fruit that this small tree produces is too bitter for human consumption but the essential oils contained in the fruit's peel is one of the most important oils in all of aromatherapy.

ABILBERRY -

Bilberries contain tannins, although the actual tannin content may fluctuate between as little as 1.5% and as much as 10%. Drying bilberry fruits concentrates the tannins, so dried bilberries generally contain a higher percentage than fresh bilberries. In the past, dried bilberries have been used to treat diarrhea because the tannins act as an astringent to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. An astringent shrinks and tightens the top layers of skin or mucous membranes, thereby reducing secretions, relieving irritation, and improving tissue firmness. Due to the same astringent effect, tea brewed from dried bilberry fruits has also been used to soothe a sore throat or sore mouth. Recent laboratory studies show that bilberries also have an antibacterial effect, which may contribute to their antidiarrheal properties.

Source (HTTP://WWW.DRUGDIGEST.ORG/DD/DVH/HERBSWHO/0,3923,4078%7CBILBERRY,00.HTML).

BLADDERWRACK (HERB) -

Treatment of human skin with an extract of Fucus vesiculosus changes its thickness and mechanical properties.

Fujimura T, Tsukahara K, Moriwaki S, Kitahara T, Sano T, Takema Y.

Biological Science Laboratories, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan.

Recently the researchers found that an extract of Fucus vesiculosus, which is a type of seaweed, promotes the contraction of fibroblast-populated collagen gels through increased expression of integrin molecules. In this study, they investigated the effects of topical application of an aqueous extract of this alga on the thickness and the mechanical properties of human skin. A gel formulation that included 1% of the extract was applied topically to human cheek skin twice daily for five weeks. A significant decrease in skin thickness measured by B-mode ultrasound was elicited, as was a significant improvement in elasticity measured with a Cutometer as compared with controls. In cheek skin, the thickness normally increases and the elasticity usually decreases with age. These results suggest that the Fucus vesiculosus extract possesses anti-aging activities and should be useful for a variety of cosmetics.

Source (HTTP://WWW.NCBI.NLM.NIH.GOV/PUBMED/11917251?DOPT=CITATION).

BROMALIAN -

Could a pineapple a day keep the doctor away? Maybe not, but a dose of bromelain, also known as bromelain, might be helpful. Bromelain is a protein-digesting enzyme found in the pineapple plant (Ananas comosus). Pineapple has a long tradition as a medicinal plant among the native peoples of South America and Central America. Extracts from the flesh and stem of the pineapple plant were made into dressings and were applied to wounds and skin injuries to reduce inflammation. Drinking the juice of the plant was known to ease stomachaches and indigestion by drinking.

The people of Guadeloupe introduced pineapple as a dessert and a medicinal plant to Christopher Columbus when he came ashore there in 1493. Bromelain, the bioactive ingredient of the pineapple was first isolated in 1891 and was introduced as a therapeutic supplement in 1957. Today, bromelain is used by arthritis patients to help reduce the swelling that causes joint pain. Bromelain has also shown promise in the treatment of pain, numbness, tingling, aching, and loss of motor and sensory function in the fingers resulting from carpal tunnel syndrome. Bromelain contains a protease enzyme that may be beneficial to the heart. Studies have shown that bromelain can reduce the clumping of platelets (small plate like bodies in the blood), the formation of plaques in the arteries, and the formation of blood clots. All these effects help to prevent and treat cardiovascular disease. Bromelain has also been discovered to have anti-tumor action, as well as helping the body absorb medications.

The health benefits of bromelain also include help for colds, asthma, and excessive mucus production in the respiratory system. Patients who suffer from hay fever and other seasonal allergies may also benefit from bromelain's anti-inflammatory activity. Other recognized benefits of bromelain include reducing the painful symptoms of varicose veins, including dull aches, tired legs and feet, and itchy skin.

Pineapple is a mouth-watering fruit, but eating more pineapple won't necessarily increase the bromelain levels in your body. The active ingredients are found in the juice and stem of the plant, and the stem contains more natural bromelain than the fruit. The pineapple stem, while edible, tends to be much less tasty than the succulent berry from the plant. An easier way to add bromelain to your diet is to take a nutritional supplement that contains bromelain. The pills and capsules allow you to get the necessary bromelain content, and the powder inside is guaranteed not to drip down your chin.

BURDOCK ROOT (HERB) -

Burdock has been used for centuries to treat a host of ailments. It has been traditionally used as a "blood purifier" to clear the bloodstream of toxins, as a diuretic (helping rid the body of excess water by increasing urine output), and as a topical remedy for skin problems such as eczema, acne, and psoriasis. In Traditional Chinese Mmedicine, burdock is often used with other herbs for sore throat and colds. Extracts of burdock root are found in a variety of herbal preparations as well as homeopathic remedies.

In Japan and some parts of Europe, burdock is eaten as vegetable. Burdock contains inulin, a natural dietary fiber, and has also been used traditionally to improve digestion.

Burdock is native to Europe and Northern Asia and is now widespread throughout the United States as well, where it grows as a weed. In Japan and parts of Europe, it is cultivated as a vegetable. A member of the daisy family, burdock is a stout, common weed with burrs that stick to clothing or animal fur. The plant grows to a height of approximately 3 - 4 feet. It has purple flowers that bloom between the months of June and October. Burdock has alternate (meaning that the leaves grow on both sides of the stem at alternating levels), wavy, heart-shaped leaves that are green on the top and whitish on the bottom. The deep roots, which are used medicinally, are brownish-green, or nearly black on the outside.

Source (HTTP://WWW.UMM.EDU/ALTMED/ARTICLES/BURDOCK-000227.HTM).

BUTCHERSBROOM (HERB) -

Butcher's broom (also called Jew's Myrtle, Knee Holly, Kneeholm, Pettigree, Sweet Broom) is a small-leafed bush cultivated in the Mediterranean and Europe. It is part of the lilly family, and is quite similar to your everday asparagus plant. Both the root and stem of the plant are used in herbal preparations.

Butchers broom has been used to improve circulation, relieve constipation, and to relieve water retention discomfort. It is reported that butcher's broom can tighten the circulatory system's veins and strengthen the capillary walls. It is rich in flavonoids such as rutin and enhances blood flow to the brain, legs, and hands.

Source (HTTP://WWW.NUTRASANUS.COM/BUTCHERS-BROOM.HTML)

C

CAMELLIA OIL -

some of the best facial oils because they penetrate the skin quickly and provide hormone-like compounds and antioxidant properties. Camellia is any plant of the genus Camellia in the tea family, Camellia sineusis. They are evergreen like shrubs or small trees native to Asia. It is one of the most rapidly absorbed oils making it an excellent choice as a facial oil. Camellia oil contains vitamins, A, B &E and various minerals, P, Za, Ca, Fe, Mn, and Mg. For longevity, this oil should be stored in a dark cool area.

CARROT SEED OIL -

Carrot seed oil is diuretic (Increases the secretion and flow of urine) and hepatic, acts as a blood, liver and kidney cleanser and is useful for jaundice and hepatitis.

It has relaxing qualities and is used in treatment of premenstrual tension.

It’s depurative (cleans or purifies the blood by promoting eliminative functions) qualities make it useful as well for the treatment of arthritis and rheumatism.

It has a positive action on the skin, being used as a natural tanning agent and skin toner to protect aging and wrinkled skin. It is also helpful for skin problems, including eczema, psoriasis, rashes, etc.

CLAY -

Volcanic ash clay also known as sodium bentonite clay is formed when the ash, which results from a volcanic eruption, mixes with water. The result is clay, which contains an extensive concentration of a number of minerals. These minerals have been found to have a number of healthy benefits.

These minerals have been found to create a significant difference in the health and vitality of the skin when applied in the form of masks and masques. When applying this volcanic ash clay to the skin it helps to lift and firm the skin. It also can help to exfoliate the skin as well which lifts dead cells and can provide a radiant look to the skin.

Sodium Bentonite clay or volcanic ash clay because of its mineral content can draw toxins out of the skin it can also help to draw out a number of impurities. These impurities and toxins are some of the things, which cause skin conditions like acne, and blemishes, which can lower self-esteem. Using a clay mask can help to pull out oils, and other substances, which leads to these types of blemishes. Clay treatments can also help to reduce the appearance of cellulite, sun damage, wrinkles and even stretch marks. The secret is the minerals, which make up the volcanic ash clay.

source (HTTP://EZINEARTICLES.COM/?VOLCANIC-ASH-CLAY-SKIN-CARE-CAN-DO-WONDERS-FOR-YOUR-SKIN&ID=1101979)

CHAMOMILE -

German chamomile is a low-growing, annual herbaceous plant native to southern and eastern Europe and northern and western Asia, now common in wastelands and neglected fields as well as cultivated ground throughout Europe, extending to northern Asia and India. It is particularly abundant in Hungary and Croatia and northern and eastern Africa; it is also naturalized in Australia and the United States (Bruneton, 1995;Felter and Lloyd, 1983; Foster, 1990; HPUS, 1992; Iwu, 1990; Leung and Foster, 1996;Wichtl and Bisset, 1994).The material of commerce, however, comes fromcultivated plants from Argentina, Egypt, Bulgaria, and Hungary, and to a lesser extent from Spain, the Czech Republic, and Germany (BHP, 1996;Wichtl and Bisset, 1994).In Germany, chamomile is one of the most important medicinal plants obtained from cultivation. It is cultivated on 'set-aside areas' in accordance with EEC regulations (Lange and Schippmann, 1997).The material used in Indian Ayurvedic medicine growsin the Punjab and Upper Gangetic plains (Karnick, 1994; Nadkarni, 1976). The material used in African medicine grows in north Africa and cooler regions of south and eastern Africa (Iwu, 1990).

Chamomile has been described in medical writings since ancient times and was an important drug in ancient Egyptian, Greek, and Roman medicines. Its name is derived from the Greek chamos (ground) and melos (apple), referring to its low-growing habit and the apple scent of its fresh blooms. Descriptions of the plant are found in the writings of Hippocrates, Dioscorides, and Galen. Over the past 30 years, extensive scientific investigations have confirmed its traditional uses (Foster, 1990; Salaman, 1992). In the United States,chamomile was first cultivated by German settlers and was formerly official in the United States Pharmacopoeia and the National Formulary. During the nineteenth century it became an important drug prescribed by American Eclectic physicians, particularly in diseases of young children (Felter and Lloyd, 1983; Leung and Foster, 1996). Today, it is official in many national pharmacopeias, including those of Austria, Egypt, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Russia (Bradley, 1992; Newall et al., 1996).

Useful in treatment of skin problems such as dermatitis, acne, allergies, boils, burns, cuts, rashes, dry itchy skin, hair care, eczema, inflammations, insect bites and wounds. Benefits the nervous systems and useful in treatment of stress-related conditions such as headache, insomnia and nervous tension. Useful in the treatment of circulation, muscles and joints complications and relieves arthritis, inflamed joints, muscular pains, neuralgia, rheumatism and sprains. Effective in the case of indigestive, nausea and vomiting. Benefits the genitourinary system and effective in the treatment of menopausal problems.

Source (HTTP://WWW.EVERESTHERBS.COM.NP/PRODUCTS/OIL/CHAMOMILE.HTM).

CHAPARALL (HERB) -

Chaparral refers to three plant species: (Larrea tridentata, Larrea divaricata and Larrea mexicana), which may also be called creosote bush, greasewood, or hediondilla. The shrub grows in the western United States and parts of Mexico, and is used traditionally by the indigenous people of these regions to treat such conditions as arthritis, cancer, tuberculosis, bowel cramps, diarrhea, venereal disease, colds and bronchitis. Chaparral and one of its components called nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) have antioxidant (”free-radical scavenging”) properties and have been proposed as cancer fighters. Chaparral contains lignans that are very similar to estrogen, giving it an effect on the skin similar to that of soy taken internally. Applied to the skin, chaparral can have a remarkable healing effect on eczema, herpes, cold sores, psoriasis, and contact dermatitis.

Source (HTTP://PHASE3MINISTRIES.COM/WORDPRESS/2008/10/08/THE-AMAZING-CLEANSING-POWER-OF-THE-HERB-CHAPARRAL-CANCER-HERBS-CANCER-HERB-CHAPARRAL-CHAPARRAL-FOR-CANCER-NATURAL-REMEDIES-FOR-CANCER-HERBAL-REMEDIES-FOR-CANCER-HERBAL-REMEDIES-FOR-HERPES-HERBAL-CLEAN/).

COCOA BUTTER -

Cocoa butter, also called cacao butter, is the cream-colored fat extracted from cacao seeds (cocoa beans) and used to add flavor, scent, and smoothness to chocolate, cosmetics, tanning oil, soap, and a multitude of topical lotions and creams. Cocoa butter has been called the ultimate moisturizer, and has been used to keep skin soft and supple for centuries. It is one of the most stable, highly concentrated natural fats known, and melts at body temperature so that it is readily absorbed into the skin. Cocoa butter is often recommended for treatment of skin conditions such as eczema and dermatitis. When applied topically, it creates a barrier between sensitive skin and the environment and also helps retain moisture. In addition, cocoa butter contains cocoa mass polyphenol (CMP), a substance that inhibits the production of the immuno globulin IgE. IgE is known to aggravate symptoms of both dermatitis and asthma.

Pregnant women have long used to cocoa butter formulations to prevent and treat stretch marks, but this pleasant-smelling substance is added to countless other topical preparations as well. Lotions and oils containing cocoa butter are often used in aromatherapy massages to promote feelings of relaxation and well-being. Recent research indicates that massaging the skin with cocoa butter may help relieve stress, boost the immune system, and even prevent cancer. This is because cocoa butter, like chocolate, contains a lot of CMP. Researchers in Japan reported that CMP inhibits the growth of cancerous cells and tumors by reducing active oxygen levels in the body, and concluded that CMP inhibits the oxidation of LDL (good) cholesterol and the production of inflammatory cells; there is some evidence that the CMP in cocoa butter may also help prevent heart disease and ease arthritic symptoms.

Preliminary research indicates that CMP actually helps suppress excessive T-cell activity in the immune system, which could help treat conditions associated with overactive immune systems, such as psoriasis, fibromyalgia, and chronic fatigue syndrome.

Cocoa butter is found in chocolate of course, and as previously stated, is an ingredient in countless topical preparations. You can also buy pure cocoa butter at pharmacies, health food stores, and from online distributorships. There have been rare cases of sensitive individuals having skin reactions to this substance. If you notice any rash or discomfort, simply discontinue use of this product.

Source (HTTP://WWW.VITAMINSTUFF.COM/SUPPLEMENTS-COCOA-BUTTER.HTML).

COCONUT OIL -

It prevents destructive free-radical formation and provides protection against them. It can help to keep the skin from developing liver spots, and other blemishes caused by aging and over exposure to sunlight. It helps to prevent sagging and wrinkling by keeping connective tissues strong and supple. In some cases it might even restore damaged or diseased skin. The oil is absorbed into the skin and into the cell structure of the connective tissues, limiting the damage excessive sun exposure can cause.

Coconut oil will not only bring temporary relief to the skin, but it will aid in healing and repairing. It will have lasting benefits, unlike most lotions. It can help bring back a youthful appearance. The coconut oil will aid in removing the outer layer of dead skin cells, making the skin smoother. The skin will become more evenly textured with a healthy "shine". And the coconut oil will penetrate into the deeper layers of the skin and strengthen the underlying tissues.

Source (http://www.mercola.com/forms/coconut_oil.htm).

COMFREY ROOT (HERB) -

Comfrey ( Symphytum officinale ) traditionally has been used to treat wounds and reduce the inflammation associated with sprains and broken bones. The roots and leaves contain allantoin, a substance that helps new skin cells to grow, along with other substances that reduce inflammation and keep skin healthy. Comfrey ointments were often applied to the surface of the skin to heal bruises as well as pulled muscles and ligaments, fractures, sprains, and strains.

Historically, comfrey was also used to treat gastrointestinal illness. However, the herb contains dangerous substances called pyrrolizidine alkaloids that are highly toxic to the liver and can cause death. In July 2001, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration required that dietary supplement manufacturers immediately remove all oral comfrey products from the market. The United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, and Germany also have banned the sale of oral products containing comfrey.

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are also absorbed through the skin, and harmful amounts may build up in the body. Care should be taken when using an ointment containing comfrey (see "How to Take It" section), and it should never be used on broken skin.

Source (HTTP://WWW.UMM.EDU/ALTMED/ARTICLES/COMFREY-000234.HTM).

CCOQ10 -

Potential mechanisms for a beneficial effect of carnitine supplementation on exercise performance in healthy humans

1. Enhance muscle fatty acid oxidation
2. Decrease muscle glycogen depletion rates
3. Shift substrate used in muscle from fatty acid to glucose
4. Replace muscle carnitine redistributed into acylcarnitine
5. Activate pyruvate dehydrogenase via lowering of acetyl-CoA content
6. Improve muscle fatigue resistance
7. Replace carnitine lost during training

Source (Brass EP. Supplemental carnitine and exercise. Am J Clin Nutr 2000 Aug; 72(2 Suppl):618S-23S.).

D

DMAE - Dimethylaminoethenol -

(DMAE) is a metabolite, a product produced by the body's metabolic process of procaine. It is a central nervous system stimulant that has a mild impact. It's effect is similar to an amphetamine, but it is not such a drug. The term DMAE is actually an abbreviation for dimethylaminoethanol, a naturally occurring chemical produced by the human brain. It is a choline molecule that has one methyl group missing from the nitrogen, and it may be for this reason that it can cross the blood-brain barrier more easily than choline. While choline is known to be the precursor of acetylcholine, a recognized neurotransmitter, DMAE may prove to offer a more direct approach to this function by moving into the brain, being acted on by an enzyme (methylation), and thereby undergoing conversion into choline directly where it is needed.

Although free-radicals are a natural result of the human body's activity, the human equilibrium may be upset because of modern diet and environmental conditions that add further stressors to the system. These conditions cause a need for additional antioxidants in order for the body to cope with industrialized life. Antioxidants seem to reinforce one another, and for this reason it seems prudent to combine the use of several rather than to rely on only one type. * Reduce and/or remove lipofuscin - age spots.

Source (http://www.dmae.org/herbal-remedies/DMAE/DMAE-clinical-studies).

E

ELEMI OIL -

Elemi (Canarium luzonicum) is a tropical tree native to the Phillipines. It has been known and used in the Middle East for thousands of years and became popular in Europe in the 15th century. The tree is closely related to those that give us Frankincense and Myrrh and, like them, exudes a natural resin subsequently yielding an exotic essential oil. It is only when the tree sprouts leaves that the pale yellow resin is produced. The resin solidifies on contact with the air and stops when the last leaf falls.

An excellent oil for skin care, especially for mature skin. It has a general rejuvenating effect and reduces wrinkles. It is also antiseptic and helps speed the healing process.

Source (HTTP://WWW.WORLDWIDEHEALTH.COM/HEALTH-ARTICLE-WHAT-IS-ELEMI-ESSENTIAL-OIL.HTML).

F

FLAXSEED MEAL -

Flaxseed and its derivative flaxseed oil/linseed oil are rich sources of the essential fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid, which is a biologic precursor to omega-3 fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid. Although omega-3 fatty acids have been associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes.

FLAXSEED OIL -
Latin Name: Linum usitatissimum

Flax is an annual herb believed to be a native ofEgypt. It has been cultivated worldwide for so many centuries that its geographical origin is uncertain.The material of commerce in Europe comes from Argentina, Morocco, Turkey, India, and other countries (BHP, 1996; Grieve, 1979; Nadkarni, 1976; Wichtl and Bisset, 1994). Flaxseed used in Chinese medicine is produced mainly in Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, and Jilin provinces (Yen, 1992) and that used in Indian medicine is extensively cultivated throughout India, mostly in Bengal, Bihar, and the United provinces (Kapoor, 1990; Karnick, 1994; Nadkarni, 1976). Flaxseed is one of the oldest cultivated plants worldwide (Wichtl and Bisset, 1994). Flaxseed, and cloth woven from flax, has been found in Egyptian tombs. The Bible mentions in Exodus 28 that the Jewish high priests wore garments made from flax (Grieve, 1979).

Its present-day therapeutic uses in Asia, Europe, and North America can be traced to ancient Roman medicine and probably back even further to ancient Greek and Egyptian medicines. Pliny the Elder (ca. 23–79 C.E.) cited 30 remedies using flaxseed, including oral ingestion as a mild laxative and topical application as a poultice for local inflammation (Carlson, 1998). It is still official in the Chinese pharmacopeia for constipation and dry itching skin (Tu, 1992).The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia specifically approves its external use as a poultice for boils and carbuncles and its internal use as a demulcent or laxative (Karnick, 1994). Flaxseed poultices are used for inflammations, abscesses, and relief of pain in American conventional medicine (Taber, 1962) and as an emollient in modern veterinarymedicine (Budavari, 1996).

FRANKINSENSE OIL -

Frainkincense is also beneficial for various skin conditions. It is mild enough to be applied without dilution, in most instances. It can be used for dermatitis, acne and other skin conditions, as well as to reduce wrinkles or scarring from cuts and wounds. The most practical way to use frankincense for skin care applications is to dilute it down to 1% - 2% in a carrier oil or ointment before using.

Frankincense is also a powerful immune enhancer. It is great for use during the cold and flu season; but then, your immune system is constantly challenged in today's world, and boosting your immune system is a great idea any time. The chemical constituents in frankincense oil support the healthy production of white blood cells. This was a special benefit to my mom, during her bout with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in 2000.

On more than one occasion, the chemo-therapy left my mom's white blood count dangerously low, and her doctor was about to order her into the hospital. We applied frankincense oil along her spine, using the RainDrop Technique, and her white count returned to normal. We did this one three separate occasions before we had the sense to start applying the frankincense every day.

Source (HTTP://WWW.DOTERRA-AROMATICS.COM/PRODUCTS/SINGLES/FRANKINCENSE.HTML )

G

GLYCERINE (VEGETABLE) -

For cosmetic purposes it can either be produced artificially from propylene alcohol or naturally derived from vegetable oils.

It is a sweet, syrupy alcohol that has been used in cosmetics for hundreds of years as a solvent, plasticizer, humectant, emollient, and lubricant. Although still very often used, glycerin is being replaced more and more by its cheaper counterpart, sorbitol.

At one stage it was thought that glycerin could draw water out of the skin, instead of the other way round, but this idea has now been shown as unfounded.

What glycerin does do is help maintain the water balance in the intercellular matrix and in so doing it maintains the skin's homeostasis. It has also been suggested that glycerin found in this level helps other lipids to perform their work more effectively.

Source 9HTTP://WWW.DERMAXIME.COM/GLYCERIN.HTM).

GOTU KOLA -

In our continuing series of ingredients used in our anti-aging skin care products, we explore the misunderstood Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica). Containing no caffeine as its name might suggest, it has been used as skin anti-inflammatory in the East for thousands of years. Gotu Kola contains many nutrients that support the body’s vitality with its vitamins A, B, E and K, and as well as magnesium.

Gotu Koloa also is a source of triterpenoids. Triterpenoida are compounds that have been shown to aid in wound healing and studies show that triterpenoids strengthen the skin, increase the concentration of antioxidants in wounds, and restore inflamed tissues by increasing blood supply. In this regard, Gotu Kola is an excellent ingredient in skin care formulations as an aid in cell reconstruction. With its effect on connective tissue, the synthesis of collagen is enhanced resulting in the thickening of the skin which we know is imperative to combat wrinkles created from thinning skin.

Source (HTTP://WWW.CHELLA.COM/SKIN-CARE-TIPS/26/GOTU-KOLA-IN-SKIN-CARE-PRODUCTS).

GRAPESEED EXTRACT -

Grape seed, or Vitis vinifera contains many health-promoting compounds, ranging from wrinkle reduction to pain relief. Grape seed extract can be applied topically or taken internally, and is the best known source of antioxidants available.

To reduce the appearance of wrinkles and facial lines, grape seed extract can be applied topically. The extract acts like an alpha hydroxy acid, and is a common ingredient in anti-aging creams and lotions. It is said to increase skin elasticity, although this has not been proven.

Source (http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-grape-seed-extract.htm).

GREEN TEA EXTRACT -

Green Tea Gives Skin Healthy Glow - HealthDay, 5/15/03 - "Green tea contains compounds called polyphenols, which help eliminate free radicals. These free radicals can cause cancer by altering DNA. Polyphenols also protect healthy cells while promoting the death of cancer cells ... Cells that migrate toward the surface of the skin normally live about 28 days, and by day 20 they basically sit on the upper layer of the skin getting ready to die. But EGCG reactivates them ... EGCG may offer potential benefits for skin conditions including psoriasis, rosacea, wrinkles and wounds".

H

HONEY -

"All honey is antibacterial, because the bees add an enzyme that makes hydrogen peroxide," said Peter Molan, director of the Honey Research Unit at the University of Waikato in New Zealand. "But we still haven't managed to identify the active components. All we know is (the honey) works on an extremely broad spectrum.".

Honey has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties that help to decrease pain and the appearance of scars, and that lead to faster wound healing. Olive oil also has antibacterial properties and the ability to inhibit substances that lead to inflammation. Olive oil and honey both contain flavonoids that help protect cells and inhibit histamine (a substance involved in allergic reactions). Beeswax has anti-inflammatory properties and is often included in formulas to treat burns and other skin conditions.

HORSECHESTNUT-

Clinical studies have proven the effectiveness of horse chestnut and its active ingredient – escin - on improving the health of the skin - the benefits is has on veins and capillaries, and the strengthening effect is has on them. General reference 228 - 247

Apart from improving the health of veins and capillaries REF 218, it also improves circulation in the skin REF 226, and since it strengthens the capillaries – it helps to prevent “capillary fragility” which leads to "leaking" from the capillaries into the tissue, which causes oedema REF 222.

Puffiness and edema, caused by capillary leaking, is prevented and corrected with the application of this compound and the triterpene glycoside contains anti-exudative and vascular astringent REF 227, which reduces the lysosomal enzymes activity, which normally is found in people with problems with their veins and circulation.

It also assists in reducing the breakdown of glycoacalyx (mucopolysaccharides) in the capillary walls.

It acts as an antioxidant REF 223, to inhibit the enzymes collagenase and elastase, which results in healthier collagen and supportive skin structures, leading to a healthier, younger looking skin, while the excellent anti-inflammatory action REF 220 further promotes a clear healthy skin – making it a clear favorite for use in anti-aging skin care products.

Source (HTTP://WWW.DERMAXIME.COM/REFERENCES.HTM#228).

GHYALURONIC ACID -

The ongoing fight to delay or reverse the aging process has dermatologists and cosmetic plastic surgeons responding with products like Restylane (hyaluronic acid), one of a handful of soft tissue fillers recently approved by the FDA to treat facial wrinkles. Restylane is an injectable gel that acts as a filler to remove the wrinkle, producing instantaneous results. Such products are not as invasive as facelifts, eyelid surgery, and other reconstructive procedures. And they are more effective and last longer than creams, lotions and other topical products, whether over-the-counter or prescription. In addition, the fact that the treatments result in little or no downtime makes them more attractive to those seeking a quick fix. Without making a single incision, doctors can erase wrinkles, acne scars and sun damage in a matter of minutes.

Hyaluronic acid is a structural component of skin that creates volume and shape. Concentrations of hyaluronic acid throughout the body decline with age, causing undesirable changes in the skin. Restylane binds to water and provides volume to easily fill in larger folds of skin left by tissue loss around the mouth and cheeks. "This makes it a structural action," says Rhodes, "much like a chin implant.".

I

IDEBENONE -

Idebenone: An antioxidant naturally produced in your body called Co-Enzyme Q10, also known as Ubidecarenone, has been studied widely in relation to its anti-aging effects on the skin and within the body. Co-Enzyme Q10 works in the lipid (fatty) membranes of your body. It helps in the working of your cell mitochondria, which provide the energy you need to live and thrive.

Co-Enzyme Q10's antioxidant properties mean that it helps protect you from the free radicals that damage your skin and contribute to aging, not only of the skin, but of the brain and nervous system. Further studies have shown that making a slight change to Co-Enzyme Q10 makes it even more safe and effective for use on your skin and elsewhere. This improved form of Co-Enzyme Q10 is called Idebenone.

This means that Idebenone is superior to Co-Enzyme Q10 in preventing aging by protecting your DNA against damage from free radicals. Idebenone helps protect your body from the kinds of damage that contribute to aging, while also helping you to heal from damage that has already occurred.

Source (http://la.tn-ol.com/ingredient_info.htm).

IRISH MOSS -

Used externally, Irish Moss is a wonderful emollient that softens and soothes the skin and other exposed tissue. It eases sunburn, chapped skin, dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, and rashes. It is used to prevent premature ageing when used topically for smoothing wrinkles on the skin, and the herb promotes a bright, healthy glow.

Source (HTTP://WWW.GENESIS1NUTRITION.COM/HERBS/IRISH_MOSS.HTML).

J

JOJOBA OIL -

It has exceptional skin-softening properties, as well as the ability to minimize fine lines and wrinkles, promoting skin suppleness while assisting with the rejuvenation of the skin. It forms a non-greasy, non-tacky layer with exceptional trans-epidermal water control – thereby prevent dehydration of the skin and excessive water loss.

It helps to balance the production of sebum - your skin's own lubricating medium.

Jojoba oil is well tolerated by people with skin problems and does not aggravate acne, and also helps to break down sebum in plugged-up pores. In dermatological tests done by Christensen and Packman, it was shown that jojoba oil increases the skin's suppleness by 45% and after 8 hours the effect was still present.

It was also found that jojoba oil softens and smoothes the skin with fine line reduction and in one test done, 20 women's skin compliance increased with 37% after 30 minutes and remained so for a hour.

Continued use of jojoba oil results in reducing superficial facial lines. In a test, the reduction of lines were 26%, 18% and 11% after 1, 4 and 8 hours.

It has also been tested for hypoallergenic reactions and 2 out of 50 people with known allergic skin types showed a reaction, but this reaction cleared completely after 24 hours.

Source (HTTP://SOAPERSCHOICE.COM/SOAPOILS/JOJOBA.HTML).

JUNIPER OIL -

Juniper oil can help calm the nerves, relieves anxiety, nervous tension and mental exhaustion. It is helpful when the prostate gland is enlarged and is used to help with the inability to pass urine, in cases of cystitis and kidney stones.

It is also helpful for cellulite and fluid retention. Juniper oil generally helps with the digestive system, particularly in cases of obesity, over-indulgence of food and premenstrual bloating.

For the liver, it has a tonic effect and helps regulate the menstrual cycle and eases painful period pains. It assists with the elimination of uric acid and therefore relieves pain in cases of gout, rheumatism and arthritis. Apart from this, juniper oil is also very effective for acne, eczema, oily skin, weeping eczema, psoriasis and dandruff and alleviates inflammation.

Source (HTTP://WWW.ESSENTIALOILS.CO.ZA/ESSENTIAL-OILS/JUNIPER-BERRY.HTM).

K

L

LEMON OIL -

Lemon oil is astringent and detoxifying and is therefore great for blemishes associated with oily skin. Lemon oil also has rejuvenating properties and will brighten dull skin. Slices of fresh lemon placed upon the cheeks can lighten freckles.

Lemon Skin Brightener

Lemon oil is astringent and detoxifying and is therefore great for blemishes associated with oily skin. Lemon oil also has rejuvenating properties and will brighten dull skin.

Source (http://www.auracacia.com/auracacia/aclearn/eo_lemon.html).

LEMON (CITRUS LIMONUM) -

Refreshes and cools bringing clarity to mind and emotions restoring vitality acting as a tonic to the circulatory system. It has beneficial effects on the immune system and is cleansing on the skin. Lemon essential oil is extracted from the Citrus limonum (a.k.a. Citrus Limon) from the Rutaceae family and is also known as cedro oil (which refers to terpeneless oil).

In burners and vaporizers, Lemon oil can be used for colds, voice loss, flu, depression, stress, lack of energy and fatigue. It can be used in blended massage oils or diluted in the bath to assist with: digestive problems, lack of energy, fatigue, infections, flu, obesity, overweight, rheumatism, depression, stress and as a general tonic. Lemon oil can be used in a base cream, in a lotion or as a mouthwash, for mouth ulcers and throat infections and for oily skin.

Source (http://www.deancoleman.com/essentialref.htm).

LEMONGRASS -

Lemongrass essential oil has a light, citrus aroma and is distilled from the long slender, grass like leaves. It is said that lemongrass helps rejuvenate the mind and has been found to improve mental clarity. It has also been the subject of research published in the Phytotherapy Research Journal, where it was found to have powerful properties when applied topically to the skin, namely its anti-fungal action.

Considered an antiseptic and astringent, essential oil of lemongrass is also used by some people to cleanse oily skin and help close pores. Some herbalists recommend mixing a few drops of lemongrass with a normal portion of mild shampoo to combat greasy hair. Lemongrass essential oil can also be used as a deodorant to curb perspiration.

Among the many benefits of lemongrass essential oil properties are those that treat the skin. Because it has great astringent properties, lemongrass oil helps clear up excessive oily skin which can cause acne outbreaks. In addition, lemongrass is effective as a skin toner.
because it naturally dilates the blood vessels, tightening pores and wrinkles.

Sources (HTTP://DEANCOLEMAN.WORDPRESS.COM/2007/08/21/LEMONGRASS-USES-AND-BENEFITS/
HTTP://AROMATHERAPY.SAVVY-CAFE.COM/THE-BENEFITS-OF-LEMONGRASS-ESSENTIAL-OIL-PROPERTIES-2007-10-01/
HTTP://AROMATHERAPY4U.WORDPRESS.COM/2007/08/28/LEMONGRASS-ESSENTIAL-OIL-REJUVENATE-THE-MIND-AND-CLEAN-THE-AIR/).

LEMON VERBENA -

It is an aromatic, astringent herb, rich in volatile oils, which has a calming effect, relieving spasms (especially of the digestive system) while reducing fever.

The oil contains neral and geranial, borneol, limonene, geraniol, nerol, terpineol, caryophyllene, curcumene, myrcenene, isovalerianic acid, the flavonoids apigenin, luteolin and 6-hydroxylated flavones with their methyl esters (eupafolin, hispidulin, eupatorin and salvigenin).

Externally, the herb can be used to treat acne, boils and cysts.

Source (HTTP://WWW.AGELESS.CO.ZA/HERB-LEMON-VERBENA.HTM).

LECITHIN -

Lecithin is a building block in cell membranes as it works to protect cells from oxidation. It prevents the cells from hardening. Lecithin also makes up the majority of the protective sheaths surrounding the brain and nervous system. Lecithin acts as an emulsifier that helps the circulatory system transport fats and nutrients easily and smoothly. Lecithin helps prevent plaque and fat from sticking to the arterial walls. It has also been found to help lower LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol) and increase levels of HDL cholesterol (good cholesterol).

Lecithin can be a valuable supplement to support cardiovascular health, circulatory health, and proper nervous system function.

Choline is one of the key ingredients (10-20%) in lecithin. Research has shown that choline has some very positive effects in the human body. Choline works to produce a natural chemical in the body called acetylcholine, which is a neurotransmitter that transmits messages from nerve cells to other cells in the body. This action has been found to have great potential in helping to treat or diminish the effects of dementia or Alzheimer’s disease.

The choline comprising lecithin also helps to promote healthy liver function as it prevents fat accumulation in the liver. Animal and human studies have revealed that diets deficient of choline or lecithin often resulted in cirrhosis and liver dysfunction. Choline works to prevent fatty deposits and blocks fibers from developing in the liver. This action is important because extra fat and liver fibers can lead to liver damage.

Lecithin is found in most over the counter medications and cosmetics as it stops the ingredients from separating from each other. It also enhances absorption into the skin. Lecithin can be used topically to treat sunburns, minor skin irritations, scrapes, and to soften dry skin.

Source (HTTP://WWW.SEACOASTVITAMINS.COM/TOPIC.PHP?HEALTH=LETHICIN+BENEFITS).

LICORICE ROOT -
Latin Name: Glycyrrhiza glabra

Licorice is a perennial herb native to the Mediterranean region, central to southern Russia, and Asia Minor to Iran, now widely cultivated throughout Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. The material of commerce comes from wild plants and "semiwild" plants cultivated in the former U.S.S.R., Turkey, Greece, Iran, China, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Syria, Italy, and Spain (Bruneton, 1995; Karnick, 1994; Leung and Foster, 1996; Wichtl and Bisset, 1994). In the Chinese pharmacopeia, Glycyrrhiza glabra, G. uralensis, and G. inflata are officially recognized and are the species usually employed in commerce (Tu, 1992). Licorice is one of the most widely used medicinal herbs and is found in numerous traditional formulas (Leung and Foster, 1996). Until about 1000 c.e, licorice was collected in the wild. Its cultivation was first recorded by Piero de Cresenzi of Bologna in the thirteenth century. Cultivated roots are harvested after three to four years of growth. Its genus name, Glycyrrhiza, given by first century Greek physician Dioscorides, comes from glukos (sweet) and riza (root) (Foster and Yue, 1992; Grieve, 1979).

Licorice is one of the most extensively researched medicinal and food plants (Chandler, 1997). The roots and stolons contain glycyrrhizin (also knows as glycyrrhizic or glycyrrhizinic acid, about 5–9% by weight), a compound that is about 50 times sweeter than sucrose. Commercial extracts usually contain gycyrrhizin in its ammonium salt form. The sweet taste is reduced or lost in an acidic medium (Leung and Foster, 1996; Foster and Tyler, 1999). Licorice extracts are widely used to flavor food and liqueurs. Millions of pounds of licorice are imported into the United States each year, about 90% for use in flavoring tobacco products (Foster and Tyler, 1999).

Liquid Glycerine Soap -

Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate-

It has been proved by scientific studies:

Vitamin C demonstrates proven effects on the skin. Sodium ascorbyl phosphate penetrates the skin and is converted to free vitamin C by enzymes present in the skin.

Sodium ascorbyl phosphate is antioxidant, it liberates Vitamin C in the skin.

Sodium ascorbyl phosphate shows in vitro and in vivo efficacy in the prevention and treatment of acne vulgaris.

J. Klock*, H. Ikeno†, K. Ohmori‡, T. Nishikawa§, J. Vollhardt* and V. Schehlmann*

*R & D, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Basel, Switzerland , †Ikeno Clinic of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Tokyo, Japan , ‡Plastic Surgery, Tokyo, Metropolitan Police Hospital, Tokyo, Japan and §Medicine and Nursing, Hokkaido University of Education, Sapporo, Japan

Correspondence to Jochen Klock, R & D Personal Care, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, PO Box 3255, Bldg. 205/305B, 4002 Basel, Switzerland. Tel.: +41-61-6884457; fax: +41-61-6873317; e-mail: jochen.klock@dsm.com

Presented at the 23rd IFSCC Congress 2004 in Orlando, FL, USA

Acne vulgaris is the most common inflammatory skin disorder and jeopardizes seriously the facial impression of a person. Development of acne involves a complex relation among several causes. Treatment and prevention success can be archived by affecting the main contributors positively like Proprionibacterium acnes or lipid oxidation leading to inflammatory reactions and follicular keratinization. Vitamin C tends to break down in cosmetic formulations resulting in a brownish discoloration. Sodium ascorbyl phosphate (SAP) represents a stable precursor of vitamin C that ensures a constant delivery of vitamin C into the skin. We were able to show that 1% SAP has a strong antimicrobial effect with a log reduction of 5 after 8 h on P. acnes in a time-kill study. Further on in a human in vivo study with 20 subjects an SAP O/W formulation significantly prevents the UVA-induced sebum oxidation up to 40%. Finally, we performed an open in vivo study with 60 subjects with a 5% SAP lotion over 12 weeks. The efficacy ranked as excellent and good of SAP was 76.9%, which was superior compared with a widely prescribed acne treatment. In conclusion, these data show that SAP is efficient in the prevention and treatment of acne vulgaris. SAP can be used in a non-antibiotic and effective treatment or co-treatment of acne with no side effects, which makes it particularly attractive for cosmetic purposes.

sweet almond oil- In a study it was concluded that topical almond oil is capable of preventing the structural damage caused by UV irradiation and it was also found useful in decelerating the photoaging process

STUDY

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has been implicated in photoaging and various types of skin carcinomas. Although the human skin has evolved several defense mechanisms to survive the insults of actinic damage like keratinization, melanin pigmentation, etc., it is still subjected to the harmful effects of sunlight. AIMS: In this study, the role of almond oil in reducing the degradative changes induced in skin upon exposure to UV radiation was investigated. METHODS: Mice were divided in four groups of 20 animals. Group I was the control group. Group II was negative control, which received almond oil treatment alone. Group III was exposed to UV radiation only and Group IV received both UV treatment and almond oil treatment. Visible skin grading assessed the changes based on a rating scale, biochemical tests (glutathione estimation and lipid peroxidation), and histopathologic studies. RESULTS: Upon exposure of mice to UV radiation, it was found that pronounced visible skin changes were seen after 12 weeks of exposure. The results of the biochemical tests, glutathione estimation, and lipid peroxidation showed that almond oil reduced the effect of UV light-induced photoaging on the skin. Histopathologic studies also indicated a photoprotective effect of almond oil on the skin after UV exposure. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that topical almond oil is capable of preventing the structural damage caused by UV irradiation and it was also found useful in decelerating the photoaging process.

Source (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17348990)

M

MSM -

It is needed by the body for healthy connective tissues and joint function, proper enzyme activity and hormone balance, along with the proper function of the immune system.

Because bio-nutritional sulfur plays such a major role in these healthy body functions and others, it was found that supplementation with MSM improves many health problems such as: allergies, asthma, emphysema, lung disfunction, arthritis, headaches, skin problems, stomach and digestive tract problems, circulation, cell osmosis and absorption.

MSM acts as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory. It also inhibits muscle spasm and increases blood flow. MSM is critical to the formation of connective tissue of all types.

Wrinkles: When the body replaces old skin cells, if there is a deficiency of MSM, the new cells are stiff and contribute to wrinkling. MSM supplementation helps the body replace bad cells with good, healthy, elastic cells. In time, wrinkles go away. Brown and black spots and skin tumors can be arrested and reversed as new cells replace the "insuffucient" cells.

Damaged Skin: It is the MSM in Aloe Vera leaves that sooths and repairs skin that has been cut, scraped, burned or damaged. The body then repairs the skin with the proper raw materials. MSM can be added to water, aloe vera gel, and other preparations for application to the skin. Best results are obtained when MSM is applied topically and taken internally.

Source (http://www.stellalabs.com/INFO_Nutraceuticals.htm).

N

N-ACEYTL GLUCOSAMINE & NIACINIMDE-

Clinical Facial Study The clinical study was an 8-week double-blinded facial study of 35 to 60 year old women with moderate-severe fine lines and wrinkles. Facial moisturizer containing 2% N-acetyl glucosamine and 4% niacinamide was applied twice daily in a split face design, and compared to silicone-in-water vehicle control. At baseline, 4 and 8 weeks, digital facial images were obtained and analyzed for degree of facial fine lines and wrinkles, by expert grading. •In in vitro human skin cultures, topical application of N-acetyl glucosamine and niacinamide stimulated hyaluronan synthesis. •These treatments also led to an increase in collagen (procollagen-1) expression. •Twice daily use of a facial moisturizer containing a combination of 2% N-acetyl glucosamine and 4% niacinamide for 4 to 8 weeks by women with moderate to severe fine and wrinkles reduced the appearance of facial fine lines and wrinkles, particularly in the eye area of the face. •The in vitro hyaluronan results suggest that this effacement of fine lines and wrinkles is due at least in part to improved hydration of the skin.
The panel reviewed data from three studies involving the n-acetyl glucosamine /niacinamide formulation. Tissue studies showed a reduction in melanin and an increase in collagen -- a key structural protein in skin. Three double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical studies involving more than 200 subjects, including a study supervised by Dr. Kimball, showed improvement in hyperpigmentation and skin tone and a decrease in the size of age spots. The research is set to be presented in July at the "Academy '06" meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD), and was first presented at the AAD annual meeting in March 2006.

WHISTLER, B.C. -- A combination of 2% N-acetylglucosamine and 4% niacinamide significantly reduced facial hyperpigmentation in women aged 40-60 years, Dr. Alexa Kimball said at a dermatology symposium.

"About a decade's worth of our perception of age can be explained by pigmentation," said Dr. Kimball, director of the clinical unit for research trials in skin at Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. Dr. Kimball also serves as a consultant to Procter and Gamble, which funded the study

Source (http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-28984701_ITM).

NEROLI OIL -

As an essential oil, used in aromatherapy and massage, Neroli is considered to have a soothing effect on the nervous system. Traditionally, neroli oil was used not only to relieve tension and anxiety, but also in increase circulation and heal thread vein scars. Neroli oil increases circulation and stimulates new cell growth. It can prevent scarring and stretch marks. It is useful in treating skin conditions linked to emotions or stress, as it calms the emotions as well as the skin. Any type of skin can benefit from neroli oil, although it is particularly good for dry, irritated or sensitive skin. It regulates oiliness and minimizes enlarged pores. Neroli oil helps to clear acne and blemished skin, especially if the skin lacks moisture. With regular treatment, it can reduce the appearance of fragile or broken capillaries and varicose veins.

NIACINIMIDE -

O

OAT POWDER-

Beta glucan is a soluble fibre found in the cell walls of oat kernels. As a natural polymer, beta glucan stimulates the immune system and is used in products designed to help heal wounds faster. As an ingredient in personal care products, beta glucan features the ability to induce cellular activities which lead to the restructuring of skin, resulting in a reduction of fine lines and wrinkles.

P

PALMAROSA OIL -

This particular essential oil is fast becoming a firm favorite in essential oil therapy and aromatherapy, as it has excellent skin care properties and is also used to relieve stiff and sore muscles, while calming the mind and uplifting and invigorating the spirits and clearing muddled thinking.

Palmarosa oil calms the mind, yet has an uplifting effect, while clearing muddled thinking. It is used to counter physical and nervous exhaustion, stress-related problems and nervousness.

It is most useful during convalescence and cools the body of fever, while aiding the digestive system, helping to clear intestinal infection, digestive atonia and anorexia nervosa. It is effective in relieving sore, stiff muscles.

Palmarosa oil moisturizes the skin, while balancing the hydration levels and stimulating cell regeneration. It balances production of sebum, to keep the skin supple and elastic and is valuable for use with acne, dermatitis, preventing scarring, rejuvenating and regenerating the skin, as well as fighting minor skin infections, sore tired feet and athlete's foot.

Soucre (HTTP://WWW.ESSENTIALOILS.CO.ZA/ESSENTIAL-OILS/PALMAROSA.HTM).

PAPAIN -

Papain is used to dissociate cells in the first step of cell culture preparations. A 10-minute treatment of small tissue pieces (less than 1 mm cubed) will allow papain to begin breaking down the extracellular matrix molecules holding the cells together. After 10 minutes, the tissue should be treated with a protease inhibitor solution to stop the protease action (if left untreated papain's activity will lead to complete lysis of the cells). The tissue must then be triturated (passed quickly up and down through a Pasteur pipette) in order to break up the pieces of tissue into a single cell suspension.

Source (http://www.resq-labs.com/doctors_library/papain.htm).

PEPHA TIGHT -

STUDY CONCLUSION- The study demonstrates that Pepha-Tight is very effective as skin tightener, since its tightening activity is 120% better than that of placebo. Pehpa-Tight acts immediately after the application and has a 33% better tightening effect compared to the control. The tightening effect is still perceptible 30 minutes after application. This shows that the effect can be attributed to the activity of Peph-Tight and is not just due to the placebo tightening effect of the gel formulation. Pepha Tight leaves a more pleasant skin feeling than the positive control and does not provoke visible effects of crumbling as the positive control does, according to the statement of panalists.

POMEGRAMANTE SEED OIL -

Pomegranate seed oil is an extremely rich and nutritious oil, which may be used for internally or externally for its cosmetic and medicinal properties. Pomegranate seed extract and juice have been popular lately for their anti-oxidant properties, and pomegranate seed oil is proving to be even more beneficial. Not only does pomegranate seed oil contain high levels of anti-oxidants that fight free radicals and skin aging, but the oil is also a potent source of punicic and ellagic acids. Because of these properties, pomegranate seed oil is used to heal, protect, and moisturize dry, cracked, mature, and irritated skin, bring elasticity back to the skin, and for eczema and other skin problems. If pomegranate seed oil seems expensive, consider that over 200 pounds of fresh pomegranates are used to produce just one pound of pomegranate seed oil! The pomegranate seed oil offered by Mountain Rose Herbs is certified organic, cold-pressed, and is from Turkey. Pomegranate seed oils from the Mediterranean region are regarded as the most desirable because they contain higher concentrations of anti-oxidants and other beneficial properties than oil grown elsewhere due to the special climate, soil, and traditional farming methods of the Mediterranean.

Pomegranate seed oil is commonly used in cosmetic products to revitalize dull or mature skin, assist with wrinkles, and to soothe minor skin irritations. Without moisture, wrinkles become more abundant and pronounced, the skin looks tight and lacks luster. Pomegranate seed oil adds moisture, has natural estrogenic properties, anti-oxidants, is anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, improves skin elasticity, and protects the skin. It provides relief from minor skin irritations and inflammation, including dry skin, eczema, psoriasis and sunburned skin. The conjugated fatty acids give it strong anti-inflammatory properties, which help to reduce swelling and ease muscular aches and pains.
Several recent studies, including one conducted by the University of Michigan Medical School (published in the February 2006 Journal of Ethnopharmacology), have shown that pomegranate seed oil stimulates keratinocyte proliferation, promoting regeneration and strengthening of the epidermis. This study compliments other recent studies, which have also shown the beneficial results of using pomegranate seed oil.

POMEGRANATE EXTRACT -

"A pomegranate extract (PE) from the rind containing 90% ellagic acid was tested for its skin-whitening effect. PE showed inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase in vitro, and the inhibition by the extract was comparable to that of arbutin, which is a known whitening agent. PE, when administered orally, also inhibited UV-induced skin pigmentation on the back of brownish guinea pigs. The intensity of the skin-whitening effect was similar between guinea pigs fed with PE and those fed with L-ascorbic acid. PE reduced the number of DOPA-positive melanocytes in the epidermis of UV-irradiated guinea pigs, but L-ascorbic acid did not. These results suggest that the skin-whitening effect of PE was probably due to inhibition of the proliferation of melanocytes and melanin synthesis by tyrosinase in melanocytes. PE, when taken orally, may be used as an effective whitening agent for the skin."

Source (http://www.bulkactives.com/abstracts/pomegranate.htm).

PROGESTERONE -

OPYCNOGENOL -

The extract has four basic properties – it’s a powerful antioxidant, acts as a natural anti-inflammatory, selectively binds to collagen and elastin, and finally, it aids in the production of endothelial nitric oxide which helps to vasodilate blood vessels.
Pycnogenol represents a very potent cosmetic ingredient which offers a broad range of clinically substantiated health benefits:

-Antioxidant potency
-Improved skin health and collagen renewal
-Anti-microbial activity
-Anti-inflammatory activity
-Anti-photoaging and sun-protection.

Q

No Ingredients

R

ROSEHIP OIL -

The positive action of Rose Hip Oil in helping to regenerate damaged skin tissues is due to its content of Trans-Retinoic Acids in a natural state as part of a complex system of unsaturated essential fatty acids. Therefore, its action is controlled and slowly released by nature, eliminating the risk of overdoses. For the same reason it has no side effects as other products containing trans-retinoic acids synthesized in the laboratory.

Scientific evidence has demonstrated the properties of Rose Hip Oil in reducing surgical and accidental dermal scars, the elimination of certain hyper pigmented spots and the lessening of wrinkles.

Rose Hip Oil Skin Rehydrator
The most effective way to benefit from Rose Hip Oil is by using it as a skin re-hydrator. As we age, oil glands diminish in size. People produce 10 times more oil at age 25 than at age 50. This condition is aggravated by climactic and environmental conditions such as dryness and air toxicity. Due to a lack of oil and depleted moisture, the skin starts to deteriorate. Rose Hip Oil, with its high absorbing level, penetrates the skin almost instantly to restore this needed moisture balance.

Rose Hip Oil Prevention Therapy
Most researchers agree that the best way to use Rose Hip Oil is as a preventative therapy to retard the appearance of skin-aging signs. They recommend starting this treatment at age 20, especially for those who burn easily or are exposed to sunlight for long periods of time. One application a day will suffice.

It is important to know that histological changes (the ones that can not be observable) precede clinical manifestation (the ones that can be observed) by at least a decade - this is why prevention is of paramount importance.

Rose Hip Oil Fights the Effects of PhotoAging
This condition represents the best opportunity for Rose Hip Oil. Aging, when related to skin, can be divided into two processes: intrinsic and photo-aging. Intrinsic refers to endogenous and genetic factors which are almost impossible to halt or to reverse. Photo-aging refers to the multiple adverse effects on all parts of the skin induced by excessive exposure to sun radiation. This condition is also called Dermotoheliosis and can be reversible.

Light skinned persons who tan poorly are at the greatest risk for photo-damage. The signs of photo-aging may appear as early as the third of fourth decade of life in persons with repeated sun exposure.

Photo-aging is characterized by wrinkled, yellowed, lax, rough, leathery, inelastic, and/or coarse skin with spotted hyper or hypo-pigmentation.

Rose Hip Oil is very effective in halting and even reversing the effects produced by the sun on the skin. Significant changes should be noticed after the third week of continuous application. In extreme cases of photo-aging, a more generous application should be used at night and during the day. It may take four months or more for the total disappearance of superficial wrinkles and significant dissipation of hyper-pigmented spots.

Rose Hip Oil Dissolves Surgical and Traumatic Dermal Scars
When used on surgical scars, our pure rosehip oil should be applied after the stitches have been removed and the wound is totally healed. After washing the area, apply the oil on dry skin with a soft massage. The effects will be noticeable after three to four months; skin will recover its elasticity and the color of the skin will improve significantly.

With old, traumatic dermal scars, it will take longer to see any effects and, again, it will depend on the age of the scar, its location and the age of the person. Two or more generous daily applications of rosehip oil are recommended, depending on the location of the scars and the age of the subject.

Moisturizing Effects of Rose Hip Oil
A must for everyone! Rose Hip Oil also directs moisture to parched areas without over- treating "normal" skin. Use for seasonal dryness, or after sport, to restore softness and tone. May be used day and night..

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Safflower Oil-

Oleic (Carthamus tinctoorius): Safflower oil is from safflower plant that is native to Mediterranean countries. It is obtained by pressing or solvent extraction. Safflower has one of the highest linoleic acid (70%) contents of all oils. A mono-unsaturated oil similar to Olive Oil. Extremely low in saturated fats. Also commonly used in cosmetics and body oils. Oleic Safflower Oil is produced by using a hybrid Safflower Seed that has an inherent greater oleic fatty acid, than linoleic. Since oleic is much less subject to oxidation than the linoleic acid, this oil is much more stable. The moisture content of human skin is proportional to the content of essential unsaturated fatty acids. Wonderfully moisturizing. Safflower Oil is recommended for use in skin care products and massage. It's shelf life is up to one year.

(Source) http://www.aromatherapygoddess.com/ingredient_glossary.html

SandalWood Oil-

The health benefits of Sandal Wood Essential Oil can be attributed to its properties like anti septic, anti inflammatory, anti phlogistic, anti spasmodic, astringent, cicatrisant, carminative, diuretic, disinfectant, emollient, expectorant, hypotensive, memory booster, sedative and tonic.

For ages, Sandal has reserved as place of dignity and priority in many civilizations and religions of the world, especially in Hindu Religion, where it is considered holy and indispensable in all the social and religious rituals and ceremonies, right from the birth of an individual till his death. In every step, sandal is required. It is offered to the Gods and Goddesses, used in decorating babies in their anniversaries, used in marriages to decorate brides and bridegrooms, mixed with the flowers and other offerings, used to embalm bodies and foreheads which is a common practice among people of many communities in India and also burnt with the pyre while cremating dead-bodies.

Sandal Oil and paste of Sandal is used in medicines, skin and beauty treatments and numerous industrial products including mouth fresheners, edibles, incense sticks, room fresheners, deodorants, perfumes, soaps, lotions, creams and others. It has some really remarkable medicinal properties.

Anti Septic: Essential Oil of Sandal Wood is very good as an anti septic. It is safe for both internal and external applications. It ingested, it helps protect internal wounds and ulcers from infections. Similarly, when applied on skin, it protects wounds, sores, boils, pimples etc. from infections and from getting septic.
Anti Inflammatory: Both Sandal Wood paste and its essential oil are very effective as anti inflammatory agents. They have a nice cooling effect and gives relief from all types of inflammations in brain, digestive system, nervous system, circulatory system, excretory system etc. resulting from infections, fever, side effects of antibiotics, poisoning, insect bites, wounds etc. Sandal Wood Essential Oil is particularly beneficial in case of nervous and circulatory inflammations.
Anti Phlogistic: Just as it has been discussed above, Sandal Wood Oil has Anti Phlogistic properties and gives relief from inflammations resulting from fever and viral infections.
Anti Spasmodic: Being a relaxant and sedative in nature, this oil works great against spasm too. It relaxes nerves, muscles and blood vessels and hence ends spasm or contraction. Thus it is helpful in treating problems associated with spasm, such as cramps, aches, coughs etc.
Astringent: Although very mild, still this oil has some astringent properties which induce contraction in gums, muscles and skin. This proves beneficial in terms of strengthening hold of gums on teeth, strengthening of muscles, tightening of skin etc.
Cicatrisant: The essential oil of Sandal Wood soothes skin and helps fading away of scars, spots etc. It has been an old practice to use paste of sandal wood as a skin pack. The same effect can be obtained from this essential oil. This oil is now extensively used in skin-care soaps, lotions and creams.
Carminative: The Essential Oil of Sandal Wood, being relaxant in nature, induces relaxation in the intestines and abdominal muscles, thereby facilitating removal of gases. It does not also let gases form.
Diuretic: Due to its relaxing and anti inflammatory nature, it soothes inflammations in the urinary system and induces relaxation in it, thereby promoting easy passage of urine. It also increases frequency and quantity of urination. This helps a lot treating the infections and inflammations in the urinary system.
Disinfectant: It is the disinfectant property of Sandal Wood Essential Oil that justifies it’s such a wide use in the religious ceremonies and cosmetics. Its fragrance keeps away microbes and small insects and that is why it is extensively used in incense sticks, sprays, fumigants and evaporators to disinfect the whole surrounding. Moreover, this oil can be mixed with bathing water or other lotions or oils to apply on skin and wounds and ensure their protection from infections. This oil can also be safely taken with milk to cure internal infections, such as those in throat, oesophagus, stomach, intestines, excretory tracts etc.
Emollient: Sandal Oil soothes skin, relieves it from inflammations and irritations, cures infections on it and keeps it fresh and cool.
Expectorant: Sandal Wood Essential Oil behaves as an expectorant and is particularly effective in treating coughs. It also fights viral infection which causes cough & cold, flu, mumps etc.
Hypotensive: This is a very useful property of Sandal Wood Essential Oil. It can be taken with milk or even water to reduce blood pressure in patients suffering from high blood pressure. The paste of Sandal Wood has the same effect.
Memory Booster: It improves memory and induces concentration. It keeps the brain cool and relaxed and saves from undue stress and anxiety.
Sedative: This oil sedates inflammations, anxiety, fear, stress, restlessness etc. and induces relaxation, calmness, concentration, inner vision, positive thoughts etc.
Tonic: This oil can be very good health tonic for all, especially for growing children. It can be safely given to them. Since it is soothing on stomach and digestive system, circulatory system and nervous system, it helps these system function in harmony and without any
Other Benefits: Deodorant,

Source: (http://www.organicfacts.net/health-benefits/essential-oils/health-benefits-of-sandal-wood-essential-oil.html)

Shea Butter (West African) -

A thorough study has been published in a French Ph. D. thesis in pharmacy by F. Renard. In it, 2 clinical studies are described:

SHEA BUTTER Skin aging treatment

A clinical study has been performed on 30 volunteers aged 29 to 82. Shea butter was applied by a daily massage as a balm for 4 to 8 months.

Various skin conditions have shown major improvements:

epidermis aspect: in a few weeks, the rough aspect of a dull - grayish complexion was eliminated, giving way to a smoother, clearer skin.
combating skin “thinning” for better skin texture: a regenerating effect is observed probably related to the action of the unsaponifiables that are known to reactivate collagen synthesis.
wrinkles from photoaging due to prolonged sun exposure are visibly diminished in half of the volunteers.

Shea butter proves to be a valuable active for diminishing various aging signs.

Protecting and regenerating treatment

Another clinical study was performed for studying dry, delicate or aging skin. 49 volunteers applied twice a day either 15% or pure shea butter. Both products lead to similar results:

A cicatrizing action was observed in 70% of cases concerning hand dermatitis, sun burns and scars.

A reduction in wrinkles and an improvement of skin suppleness was obtained for 75% of the volunteers.

Shea butter demonstrates regenerating properties that target it towards photoaging prevention.

Other tests have been performed for demonstrating additional benefits:

Moisturizing properties

A cream containing 5% shea butter and a placebo cream are applied at the beginning of the experiment (Poelman & al.) and reapplied on a daily basis on the volar forearm of 10 volunteers. The results are the average of 10 measures of skin conductimetry differences between treated and untreated skin.

Short-term moisturization is observed, it peaks after 1 hour and persists for 8 hours. For all subjects, a daily application maintains a very good moisturization of the superficial layers of the skin.

Anti-inflammation properties

Shea butter is traditionally used for alleviating rheumatism, which suggest an anti-inflammatory activity. This has been substantiated (Tella) in a study of severe nasal congestion. Shea butter is tested on 33 volunteers against conventional nasal drops containing xylomethazoline (as recommended in the British Pharmacopoeia), a placebo and a control.

Nasal congestion is created by an edema that can be relieved by two mechanisms: a vasoconstrictor or an anti-inflammatory. Only the second mechanism applies for Shea butter that has never demonstrated any vasoconstricting activity.

Efficient release of active ingredients

This study (Konning) has been conducted on ointments and demonstrates that Shea butter releases faster salicylic acid crystals. 75m crystals of salicylic acid are incorporated in the ointment (75 % shea butter –15% arachid oil and 10% paraffin). A petri dish is filled with agar containing ferric chloride. A hole is cut at the center and filled with the ointment. When salicylic acid diffuses it gives a color reaction and the color zone diameter provides an easy measurement of salicylic acid release.

Incorporating active ingredients in Shea butter may prove a valuable alternative for ensuring their efficient release on the skin.

What is shea butter?

It is a slightly ivory granulated butter consisting mostly of triglycerides (which include a fair amount of linoleic acid) and unsaponifiables: mostly: Karisterols (a spinasterol – D7 stigmastenol) – Parkeol – Lupeol – Butyrospermol- Katitene and cinnamic esters.

Shea butter helps to:

protect skin against climate and UV aggressions
prevent wrinkle formation
soothe irritated and chapped skin
moisturize the epidermis
improve the release of polar active ingredients

Due to its unique blend of unsaponifiables (with UV-B absorbing properties), and essential fatty acid triglycerides, Shea butter is a prime active ingredient for Cosmetics. It leaves a pleasant smooth feeling to the skin while improving its softness. Shea butter is particularly recommended in oil free formulations, it has a good spreadability and quick rub-in properties.

Source (http://www.sheainstitute.com/about-shea-butter/what-is-shea-butter.html)

Silk Protein Peptide-

A group of products that rivals edible silk in popularity is one applied to the skin, a "silk powder cosmetics" for healthier skin. Silk cosmetics are not a new idea—they have been around for almost 30 years—but early products capitalized on silk's luxury image and its actual health benefits were not taken very seriously. But today, with progress in silk pulverization technology, the benefits can expect to match the product image. This is because of research findings that the proteins comprised in silk have moisture-retentive and ultraviolet ray-blocking properties.

Says Director Morio Katsuno of Silk Science Research Institute Dainihon Raw Silk Foundation, "We have discovered that a protein called sericin contained in silk in large quantities inhibits the effects of enzymes that is responsible for skin blemishes and wrinkles. This protein also dissolves well in water, which helps to moisturize the skin. Another plus is that it has ultraviolet (UV) ray-blocking properties, which is good because the UVs can induce skin cancer. One reason for this could be that cocoons are designed to protect silkworms." Nature's unknown latent powers are truly remarkable.

Silk is a peptide. Silk is 96.9% protein. Silk is 18 amino acids,. Silk contains collagen. When used topically, silk is a natural moisturizer and provides relief from sunburn, windburn, household burns and blocks UV radiation. Silk helps to prevent and repair the aging effects of the sun. Silk also reduces wrinkles by increasing skin hydration and stimulating natural collagen production. It tightens the skin and improves skin texture and quality-or in other words skin health. Older skin tends to loosen as the underlying “cushion” is reduced. Collagen is a factor.

Nature is in no hurry and silk is a natural ingredient. Different skin types have different improvement times. On average, for all benefits, silk shows positive and usually maximum results in 90 days or less.

snap 8* Aceytl Octapeptide-3 wrinkle reducing peptide - One of the most striking signs of skin aging is increased wrinkling of the face. This can occur naturally over time and is identified by certain biochemical, histological and physiological changes that are enhanced by environmental exposure. There are other secondary factors that can cause characteristic folds, furrows and creases of the face. These include the constant pull of gravity, frequent and constant positional pressure of the skin of the face (e.g. during sleep) or repeated facial movements caused by the contraction of the muscles of facial expression. In any case and independently of the ultimate physiological pathway, the molecular mechanism involved in face aging is directly related to changes in the conformation of the collagen triple helix, degradation of the elastin polypeptides and certain disorder in the packing of the lipidic matrix of the skin.

It has been clearly established that these conformational changes and the disturbance of the perfect packing of the lipid matrix can be significantly avoided by modulating muscle contraction

Muscles are contracted when they receive neurotransmitter released from inside a vesicle. The SNARE (SNAP REceptor) complex is essential for this neurotransmitter release at the synapsis (A. Ferrer Montiel et al, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1997, 272, 2634-2638). It is a ternary complex formed by the proteins VAMP, Syntaxin and SNAP25 (SyNaptosomal Associated Protein). This complex is like a cellular hook which captures vesicles and fuses them with the membrane for the release of neurotransmitter.

SNAP-8 is a mimic of the N-terminal end of SNAP-25 which competes with SNAP-25 for a position in the SNARE complex, thereby modulating its formation. If the SNARE complex is slightly destabilized, the vesicle can not release neurotransmitters efficiently and therefore muscle contraction is attenuated, preventing the formation of lines and wrinkles

Source (http://www.sumitomo.gr.jp/english/discoveries/special/76_01.html)

Sweet Orange Oil -

The health benefits of Orange Essential Oil can be attributed to its properties like anti inflammatory, anti depressant, anti spasmodic, anti septic, aphrodisiac, carminative, diuretic, tonic, sedative and cholagogue.

Anti Inflammatory: It gives quick and effective relief from inflammations, internal or external and caused by any reason such as over intake of spices, fever, infections, side effects of antibiotics, gas, ingestion of toxic substances, narcotics etc.
Anti Depressant: The very smell of it reminds you of the happy moments and brings happy thoughts to mind. That is why it is very much used in aromatherapy. This gives a happy, relaxed feeling and works as a mood lifter.
Anti Spasmodic: Spasm can give rise to a lot of problems such as continuous coughs, convulsions, cramps in muscles and extreme diarrhea. To avoid them, spasm must be cured early. This can be done with the help of Orange Essential Oil which relaxes the muscular and nervous spasm and gives relief from the problems discussed above.
Aphrodisiac: It has mild aphrodisiac properties, if not strong. Systematic and regular use can cure problems such as frigidity, erectile problems, impotence, loss of interest in sex etc.
Anti Septic: Wherever there is a cut or abrasion, there is the fear of the wound getting septic bacterial infection. More so when it is from an iron object. The worry is doubled as there remains a chance of it might getting infected by tetanus germs. Essential Oil of Orange might help us avoid both septic and tetanus as it inhibits microbial growth and disinfects the wounds.
Carminative: Being a carminative means being an agent that helps removal of gases from the intestines. Gas, forming in intestines and pushing upwards, can be very troublesome. Gas, being lighter, moves upwards and punches the internal organs, gives chest pains, indigestion and uneasiness, raises blood pressure, can risk your heart and gives acute stomach aches. Essential Oil of Orange can help you a lot in this respect. It relaxes the abdominal and anal muscles and let the gases escape. Further, it does not let gases form too. Orange Oil is very good for those who are suffering from chronic gas trouble.
Diuretic: You got rid of gases. Now it’s your turn to get rid of the toxins. Again, the remedy is the same. The good old Orange Oil can here too. It promotes urination to make the toxins like uric acid, bile, excess salts, pollutants and excess water thrown out of the body with urine. Urination increases appetite and promotes digestion. It contributes towards losing fats and is good for the heart too.
Tonic: The relation of a tonic to the body is quite similar to overhauling and servicing to vehicle. A tonic tones up every system functioning in the body, keeps the metabolic system in proper shape, gives strength and boosts immunity.
Sedative: When you need to cool down after a bad day at the office or suffering from inflammation, you need a sedative to let you relax. The artificial sedatives or drugs available in the market are mostly tranquilizers based on narcotics such as opium and synthetic. These, in the long run, do immense damage to heart and internal organs. Better to follow a natural one like this Orange Oil. It gives relief from anxiety, anger, depression and inflammations.
Cholagogue: It promotes secretions from all glands, exocrine or endocrine. Thus it is seen to promote menstruations, flow of milk from breasts, digestive juices and bile, hormones and enzymes.
Other Benefits: It serves as a detoxifier, boosts immunity, treats constipation and dyspepsia and is very good for maintaining a healthy, smooth and glamorous skin. It also helps cure acne and dermatitis.

Source (http://www.organicfacts.net/health-benefits/essential-oils/health-benefits-of-orange-essential-oil.html)

SYN^®- COLL -

(Palmytoyl Tripeptide-5) is a patented innovative approach that is based on Pentapharm’s many years of experience in synthesizing peptides for the pharmaceutical industry. SYN®-COLL is a small peptide with a unique sequence to mimic the human body’s own mechanism to produce collagen via TGF-β.

• SYN®-COLL stimulates Collagen synthesis

SYN®-COLL actively removes any type of wrinkle
SYN®-COLL has in addition, skin firming and moisturizing properties
SYN®-COLL has been clinically proven to be safe and effective.

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Tea Tree Oil-

Tea tree oil has some interesting research demonstrating it to be an effective antimicrobial agent. The Journal of Applied Microbiology (January 2000, pages 170–175) stated that "The essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Its mode of action against the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli AG100, the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 8325, and the yeast Candida albicans has been investigated using a range of methods... . The ability of tea tree oil to disrupt the permeability barrier of cell membrane structures and the accompanying loss of chemiosmotic control is the most likely source of its lethal action at minimum inhibitory levels." In addition, "In a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study of tea tree oil in the treatment of herpes cold sores, tea tree oil was found to have similar degree of activity as 5% acyclovir" (Source: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, May 2001, page 450). For acne there is also some credible published information showing it to be effective as a topical disinfectant for killing the bacteria that can cause pimples (Source: Letters in Applied Microbiology, October 1995, pages 242–245). However, the crux of the matter for tea tree oil is: How much is needed to have an effect? The Medical Journal of Australia (October 1990, pages 455–458) compared the efficacy of tea tree oil to the efficacy of benzoyl peroxide for the treatment of acne. A study of 119 patients using 5% tea tree oil in a gel base versus 5% benzoyl peroxide lotion was discussed. There were 61 in the benzoyl peroxide group and 58 in the tea tree oil group. The conclusion was that "both treatments were effective in reducing the number of inflamed lesions throughout the trial, with a significantly better result for benzoyl peroxide when compared to the tea tree oil. Skin oiliness was lessened significantly in the benzoyl peroxide group versus the tea tree oil group." However, while the reduction of breakouts was greater for the benzoyl peroxide group, the side effects of dryness, stinging, and burning were also greater—"79% of the benzoyl peroxide group versus 49% of the tea tree oil group.

Titanium Dioxide (UVB) -

Titanium dioxide is a common physical sunblock; it protects

in the UV range from 290-340 nm. It protects against UVB radiation fully, but only protects against short UVA radiation (320-340 nm). Titanium dioxide offers no protection from the long UVA rays (340-400 nm) recently proven to cause photoaging changes in human skin. Using titanium dioxide alone, skin turns white or bluish at SPF.

Thyme Oil -

Anti septic, bactericidal, kills bacteria, heals scars & after marks,

Source: (http://www.organicfacts.net/organic-oils/natural-essential-oils/list-of-essential-oils.html)

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Vitamin Complex -

Vitamins Vitamin A (Retinyl Palmitate), Vitamin B3 (Niacinimide), Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) and N-Acetyl Glucosamine. are the major ingredients that make up Wallsburg farms Vitamin Complex, a major age reversing component of our Baby Face Wrinkle and Age-Reversing Treatment. Clinical studies supporting their individual effectiveness as age reversing ingredients is presented below: (See our About Vitamin Complex Page)

Vitamin Complex -

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AT POWDER-

Beta glucan is a soluble fibre found in the cell walls of oat kernels. As a natural polymer, beta glucan stimulates the immune system and is used in products designed to help heal wounds faster. As an ingredient in personal care products, beta glucan features the ability to induce cellular activities which lead to the restructuring of skin, resulting in a reduction of fine lines and wrinkles.

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